現(xian)如(ru)今電(dian)子產業發達,ic芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用也非常的(de)(de)(de)廣泛(fan)了(le),ic芯(xin)片(pian)作為一個(ge)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)運行的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心當(dang)然需(xu)要(yao)(yao)重視,在電(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)發設計中我們經(jing)常會(hui)遇到板子突(tu)然就(jiu)不能調(diao)試,怎(zen)么都燒不進去程(cheng)序,或者燒錄芯(xin)片(pian)出現(xian)損壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象,導致ic芯(xin)片(pian)壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因其(qi)實很多時候(hou)是因為操作不當(dang)所造成的(de)(de)(de),那(nei)么電(dian)源(yuan)ic出現(xian)故障主要(yao)(yao)是那(nei)些原(yuan)因呢?
1.供(gong)(gong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya):一(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)都(dou)會(hui)(hui)認為(wei)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統板上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)是LD輸出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是非常穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認為(wei)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)燒(shao)(shao)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian),芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)燒(shao)(shao)寫(xie)程(cheng)序一(yi)(yi)般(ban)分為(wei)在(zai)(zai)板燒(shao)(shao)錄和座燒(shao)(shao)兩(liang)種方式,在(zai)(zai)板燒(shao)(shao)錄系統板一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都(dou)會(hui)(hui)有自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)MCU的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍,調試接口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)VCC一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都(dou)是直接從芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)引腳拉(la)出,如(ru)果編程(cheng)器(qi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)(wen),超過了這個范(fan)(fan)圍,則(ze)很容易造成芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過壓(ya)損(sun)壞,座燒(shao)(shao)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都(dou)是芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)直接由編程(cheng)器(qi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian),如(ru)果編程(cheng)器(qi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)(wen),那(nei)燒(shao)(shao)錄芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良品率將(jiang)大打折扣(kou),造成電(dian)源(yuan)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)片(pian)(pian)損(sun)壞。
2.芯片(pian)加密(mi)(mi):加密(mi)(mi)芯片(pian)可以有效防止你的產片(pian)代碼被抄襲,芯片(pian)加密(mi)(mi)等級一般(ban)有3級,OPEN,PROTECTED和(he)KILL,這些保(bao)護(hu)一般(ban)都(dou)是需要(yao)重新(xin)上電后才會生效。
OPEN:芯片是(shi)不(bu)具備保護功能的,意(yi)味著你燒錄到芯片中的軟件可以被山(shan)寨者直接讀出(chu)。
PROTECTED:芯片(pian)(pian)有(you)了讀出保護(hu),意味(wei)著(zhu)沒有(you)人可以(yi)讀出來芯片(pian)(pian)中的(de)數據,但(dan)是芯片(pian)(pian)可以(yi)擦除(chu),擦除(chu)之(zhi)后可以(yi)再次使用。
KILL:你(ni)的芯片(pian)(pian)被“殺(sha)死了”,和上一(yi)個級別的保護一(yi)樣,沒(mei)有人可以讀取芯片(pian)(pian)數據,但(dan)是這一(yi)次,整片(pian)(pian)擦除也不起作用了,你(ni)的芯片(pian)(pian)無法重新燒錄,但(dan)是不是真的“死了”,它還可以運行燒錄進去(qu)的程序(xu)。
在大批量生(sheng)產中,由于(yu)各種各樣的因素(su)影響,芯(xin)片(pian)有(you)時(shi)候燒(shao)到(dao)一半(ban)就(jiu)(jiu)被中斷(duan)(duan)了,而有(you)些(xie)芯(xin)片(pian)的加密位恰(qia)恰(qia)是在燒(shao)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)文件(jian)的前段,對于(yu)有(you)些(xie)燒(shao)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器,可(ke)能會直接按燒(shao)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)文件(jian)順序燒(shao)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),就(jiu)(jiu)會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)芯(xin)片(pian)已經被KILL了,但是由于(yu)燒(shao)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中斷(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)后(hou)半(ban)段的程序還沒燒(shao)進去,那這個芯(xin)片(pian)就(jiu)(jiu)會廢了,例外(wai)還有(you)一種比較(jiao)可(ke)靠的燒(shao)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)方案就(jiu)(jiu)是在最后(hou)燒(shao)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)加密位,可(ke)以有(you)效避免燒(shao)錄(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中斷(duan)(duan)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的芯(xin)片(pian)意外(wai)鎖死。
3.編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)壓(ya):有些OTP芯(xin)(xin)片可能需要編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)壓(ya)才(cai)能將數據(ju)寫入(ru),對(dui)于很多芯(xin)(xin)片來說(shuo),長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)高(gao)壓(ya)寫入(ru)是(shi)一種(zhong)挑(tiao)戰(zhan),芯(xin)(xin)片一般都會有高(gao)壓(ya)加載的(de)最(zui)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)規定(ding),一旦(dan)超過這個極限,OTP區就可能會永久(jiu)損壞(huai),還有些編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)器會提供編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)壓(ya)的(de)輸出功能,在燒錄的(de)流程(cheng)(cheng)中自動開(kai)(kai)關編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)壓(ya),而(er)對(dui)于那些沒有提供編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)壓(ya)的(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)器,在編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)時(shi)(shi)一定(ding)要及時(shi)(shi)斷開(kai)(kai)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)壓(ya)才(cai)不會導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)源管理芯(xin)(xin)片損壞(huai)。
以(yi)上幾種方(fang)式都(dou)是(shi)造成導(dao)致ic芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壞的(de)(de)原因、除此之外靜(jing)電防護是(shi)否做得到位(wei),芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)存儲的(de)(de)濕(shi)度控制,以(yi)及溫度是(shi)否符合要(yao)求,芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)焊接的(de)(de)溫度是(shi)否過高等都(dou)影(ying)響芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)良品(pin)(pin)率,想(xiang)要(yao)提高芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)燒寫的(de)(de)良品(pin)(pin)率,就要(yao)從多個方(fang)面做工作,當(dang)然也不(bu)可忽(hu)略以(yi)上這些細節。每一個不(bu)同的(de)(de)ic芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)都(dou)有不(bu)同的(de)(de)程序,IC芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)如果廢(fei)舊或者版(ban)本(ben)更新(xin)那么(me)可以(yi)進行回(hui)收處理,已便(bian)從中獲利(li),有關ic回(hui)收的(de)(de)問題可以(yi)聯系我(wo)們。